RESUMO
Reactor neutrino experiments have seen major improvements in precision in recent years. With the experimental uncertainties becoming lower than those from theory, carefully considering all sources of ν ¯ e is important when making theoretical predictions. One source of ν ¯ e that is often neglected arises from the irradiation of the nonfuel materials in reactors. The ν ¯ e rates and energies from these sources vary widely based on the reactor type, configuration, and sampling stage during the reactor cycle and have to be carefully considered for each experiment independently. In this article, we present a formalism for selecting the possible ν ¯ e sources arising from the neutron captures on reactor and target materials. We apply this formalism to the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the ν ¯ e source for the the Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Measurement (PROSPECT) experiment. Overall, we observe that the nonfuel ν ¯ e contributions from HFIR to PROSPECT amount to 1% above the inverse beta decay threshold with a maximum contribution of 9% in the 1.8-2.0 MeV range. Nonfuel contributions can be particularly high for research reactors like HFIR because of the choice of structural and reflector material in addition to the intentional irradiation of target material for isotope production. We show that typical commercial pressurized water reactors fueled with low-enriched uranium will have significantly smaller nonfuel ν ¯ e contribution.
RESUMO
Entre octubre de 2011 y enero de 2012 se llevó a cabo un estudio etnobotánico enfocado al conocimiento de las especies utilizadas con fines etnobotánicos, así como la relación cultural en torno a su empleo por parte de los habitantes del Corregimiento de Genoy, ubicado en el municipio de Pasto, departamento de Nariño. La información se obtuvo de 38 personas: 27 mujeres y 11 hombres, mediante encuestas semiestructuradas, de las cuales 4 fueron informantes clave. Todos los informantes fueron seleccionados al azar. Se determinó la importancia relativa de especies medicinales (IRE), así como otros índices etnobotánicos que permitieron calcular el valor de reconocimiento de uso para cada especie (RUV). Como resultado se registró información para 63 plantas de uso medicinal, distribuidas en 31 familias botánicas y 56 géneros, siendo Lamiaceae, Asteraceae y Apiaceae las familias más importantes. Con relación a las partes de la planta, las más utilizadas fueron: hojas (89,47%), y flores (21,05%). Un mayor número de especies se utilizan para tratar afecciones de tipo gastrointestinal, reproductivo, cutáneo y respiratorio. Las plantas medicinales que son ampliamente utilizadas por la población local presentaron valores más altos de IRF y RUV: cedrón (Aloysia citriodora), manzanilla (Matricaria hamomilla) y orégano (Origanum vulgare).
Between October 2011 and January 2012 an ethnobotanical study focused on the knowledge of ethnobotanical species used for ethnobotanical purposes, as well as the cultural relationship around the use of those species by the inhabitants of Genoy Township located in San Juan de Pasto, Nariño was carried out. 38 people were interviewed using a semi-structured survey: 27 women and 11 men of whom 4 were key sources of information. All the participants were randomly selected. The relative importance of medicinal species (RIE) was estimated, as well as other etnobotanical indices that allowed calculating the value of recognition of use for each species (RUV). As a result, information for 63 medicinal species was recorded and distributed in 31 botanical families and 56 genres. The most important families, in order, were: Lamiaceae, Asteraceae and Apiaceae. The most used parts of the plant were leaves (89.47%) and flowers (21.05%). A greater number of the species were used to treat gastrointestinal, reproductive, skin and respiratory disorders. The following medicinal plants that are widely used by local people showed the highest RIE and RUV values: cedron (Aloysia citriodora), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and oregano (Origanum vulgare).
